4. Penetration hardness testing

Unless otherwise specified, in the formulas giving hardness, forces are in newtons (N), lengths in millimeters (mm) and therefore stresses or resistances in newtons per square millimeter (N/mm ² ).

4.1 Principle and general relations

This is the category of testing to which most of the equipment used industrially belongs.

An indenter hard enough not to be deformed by the material to be tested, and of variable shape (table 2 ), is driven into the metal by the action of a constant force applied under well-defined conditions; either the transverse dimensions or...

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Bibliography

(1) - RODRIGUEZ (R.), GUTIERREZ (I.) - Correlation between Nanoindentation and Tensile Properties. Influence of the Indentation Size Effect. - Materials Science and Engineering A 361 2003 pp. 377-384.
(2) - MURAKAMI (Y.), YVAN (L.P.) - Finite Elements Method...