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3. Combating scaling in industrial environments
3.1 Upstream treatments
Since limescale is mainly due to the precipitation of calcium with carbonate, if one of the two compounds is removed from the medium, limescale cannot form. That's what upstream treatments are all about.
SCROLL TO TOPSoftening uses cationic resins to remove calcium and magnesium from water by ion exchange. This is the most widely used method in industrial environments.
The hard water passes over a bed of cationic resins (R), which exchange calcium...
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Combating scaling in industrial environments
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