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2. Production techniques
There are three general methods for obtaining essential oils:
steam distillation of fresh or dried plants and hydrodistillation with the addition of water to the plant or to a natural gum-resin;
cold expression of the pericarp or zest of Citrus fruit;
pyrogenation of the bark or wood of certain plants (birch bark, cade wood).
In the case of steam distillation and hydrodistillation, these methods have long been based on primitive or traditional industrial equipment (fixed or portable stills heated over an open fire, industrial plants with steam generators). Over the last quarter century, however, technological improvements have been made: overpressure distillation, turbodistillation, hydrodiffusion, continuous distillation and microwave-assisted...
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Characterization and properties of matter
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Production techniques
Chemical composition
References
Main works
Lesser essential oils
Some essential oils of lesser importance are dealt with briefly in the table 1 . For further details, please refer to the bibliographical references cited in this table.
The eighty oils mentioned here belong to the same groups as those studied in detail in article [K 345] and listed...
Standardization
The main standardization committees for essential oils are as follows.
France
— Commission de normalisation du Syndicat national des fabricants et importateurs d'huiles essentielles et produits aromatiques naturels de Grasse (standards: 2nd ed. 1959)
French Standards Association (AFNOR)
- Huiles essentielles. Règles générales concernant les caractéristiques des...
List of essential oil suppliers
Please refer to the bibliographic reference
1) Aripe Citrica Agro-Industrial S.A.
2) Adams Packing Association Inc.
3) Adrian S.A.
4) Aggarwal...
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
