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6. Field-scale implementation
6.1 Tablecloths
Once the sizing parameters have been established, large-scale treatment is essentially a matter of organizing the injection of large quantities of liquids and determining the dilution factor and volume to be injected. It's a trade-off between choosing to inject high concentrations and low volumes, and thus treat relatively limited areas, or injecting lower concentrations, and from the same well, reaching greater distances. The porosity and storage capacity of the aquifer, as well as the concentration level, are key factors in the decision. Full-scale injection also involves determining the time needed to reach the target. While the effect of injection appears immediate in a well, the chemical reaction takes place in the water, and the sudden drop in pollutant concentration...
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Field-scale implementation
Conclusion
Bibliography
- ITRC - Technical and regulatory guidance for in situ chemical oxidation of contaminated soil and groundwater (Guide technique et réglementaire pour l'oxydation chimique in situ des sols et nappes contaminés). - 2 nd ed., ISCO-2, DC, Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council, in situ Chemical Oxidation...
Websites
Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie, polluted sites and soils section http://www2.ademe.fr/
Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie, polluted sites and soils/groundwater treatment techniques/chemical oxidation/examples
Events
International congress-exhibition on soils, sediments and water: Intersol, Paris every year at the end of March http://www.intersol.fr
Contaminated Site Management in Europe conference, held every year in a European city at the end of November http://www.redoxtech.com
...Standards
- Standard test method for estimating the permanganate natural oxidant demand of soil and aquifer solids - ASTM-D7262 - 2007
- Soil quality – services for polluted sites and soils Part 4: requirements for remediation services - NF X 31-620 - 2011
Regulations
There are no specific regulations governing soil and aquifer treatment techniques. The decree of 17/07/09 on measures to prevent or limit the introduction of pollutants into groundwater specifies that the introduction of certain substances into the environment is prohibited. These substances are listed in appendices 1 and 2. However, a paragraph specifies that :
"The provisions of article R. 212-9-1...
Directory
Companies
A number of companies in France use chemical oxidation treatment. Consult the Union des Professionnels de la Dépollution des Sites (Union of Site Remediation Professionals), the trade association for professionals in the polluted sites and soils sector. http://www.upds.org/
Organizations
French Environment and...
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