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2. Predicting liquid-vapor equilibria
2.1 Perfect gases and ideal solutions
Dalton's and Raoult's laws are valid whatever the composition of the mixture. Knowledge of the liquid-vapor equilibria of pure substances (Antoine's law, for example) is sufficient to predict equilibria (binary or multicomponent): if X
J
designates the molar (or mass) fraction of the J-th component in the aqueous phase and Y
J
the molar (or mass) fraction of the J-th component in the vapor phase, the relative volatilityα is defined by the relation :
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Predicting liquid-vapor equilibria
Specific distillation assumptions
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
