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2. Fundamental aspects of capillarity
2.1 Surface tension
Any "free" liquid surface (i.e. in contact with a gas and free to deform) is characterized by a surface tension that opposes its deformations and tends to minimize the surface in contact with its environment . From a microscopic point of view, molecules within the liquid benefit from attractive interactions with all their neighbors. On the other hand, at the fluid surface, they lose on average half of these cohesive interactions and become destabilized (figure
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Fundamental aspects of capillarity
Capillary-induced movements
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