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4. Thermodynamic identities and fundamental relations
4.1 Divariant systems (uniform closed systems of constant composition)
4.1.1 Degrees of freedom and Gibbs' phase rule
Consider a system in stable equilibrium. It is essential to know the minimum number of state quantities to be specified in order to fix the values of all the other state quantities.
To be concrete, let's suppose we have a first system containing one kilogram of oxygen at temperature T, pressure P, volume V and refractive index i R ...
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Thermodynamic identities and fundamental relations
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Bibliography
As this article deals with fundamental concepts, the authors did not deem it necessary to include references in the body of the article. However, the authors have included a list of books they recommend for more in-depth reading of the concepts presented throughout the article:
general works on chemical thermodynamics [1] to [7];
books describing...
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