5. Conclusion
The early 2000s saw the emergence of several commercial GIS solutions, using more or less proprietary formats and languages. While these solutions were very powerful, in the years that followed they revealed their main weakness: the risk of the geomatician becoming locked into a "technical bubble". The approach favored over the last 10 years has tended towards free, open source solutions, based on non-proprietary programming languages and benefiting from active communities. These criteria should guide the choice of a geomatician or an organization (company or local authority) wishing to acquire or operate a geographic information system.
Geographic information is now widely used in the day-to-day lives of businesses, administrations and the general public. Used effectively, it significantly enhances the power of decision support and, more generally, communication....
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Conclusion
Bibliography
Software tools
Apache http://httpd.apache.org/
ArcGIS – ESRI France http://www.esrifrance.fr/
Deegree http://www.deegree.org/
Websites
BIM MOTION – Support company for BIM solutions
ESRI France – BIM Solutions
Standards and norms
- Information géographique géomatique. 45 normes publiées et 30 normes en projet. - ISOTC 211 -
- Standard GML (Geographic Markup Language) permettant l'échange de données vectorielles. - OGC -
- Standards WMS (Web Map Server) et WFS (Web Feature Server) permettant la production de cartographie à partir de serveurs de données et la manipulation de ces objets géographiques. - OGC -
Regulations
Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE).
Directory
AFIGEO: French Association for Geographic Information
CNIG: Conseil National de l'Information Géographique (French National Council for Geographic Information)
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