2. A brief history
AI was born in the very early days of computing. In 1950, Alan Turing published an article in which he posed the question "Can machines think?" The author proposed a test, now known as the Turing Test, designed to answer the question posed. In this test, inspired by the imitation game, a person questions a machine and a human being he cannot see. When, on the basis of the answers provided, the questioner can no longer distinguish between the human being and the machine, the machine is declared intelligent. Questions can be of any type. So far, no program has been able to fool an interviewer for long enough. The conversational agents (chatbots, and callbots via the telephone) that have proliferated...
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A brief history
Bibliography
Reviews
AI Magazine (USA)
Artificial Intelligence (NL)
Bulletin of the AFIA, French Artificial Intelligence Association (F)
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (USA)
Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (GB)
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (USA)
...
Websites
AFIA French AI Association : https://afia.asso.fr/
ECCAI European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence : https://eccai.org/
AAAI Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence :
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