3. Speech signal analysis

We have already noted the great redundancy of the speech signal. In automatic speech processing, this redundancy needs to be reduced, using appropriate processing techniques to reduce processing times and memory requirements. In addition, and sometimes simultaneously, speech signal processing can be used to extract parameters relevant to recognition (characteristics of noisy sounds, formant frequencies, etc.).

A vowel can be characterized by three given frequency zones, called formants. The formant frequencies of sounds such as vowels and certain voiced consonants correspond to the maximum energy in the spectrum of these sounds, i.e. approximately to the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract in the corresponding configuration.

The devices used can be analog: however, with the evolution of digital...

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Speech signal analysis

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page Fields of automatic speech recognition

Word recognition

Bibliography

(1) - RABINER (L.), HUANG (B.H.) - Fundamentals of speech recognition. – - Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1993).
(2) - JUNQUA (J.-C.), HATON (J.-P.) - Robustness in automatic speech recognition. – - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht...

Software tools

HTK (HMM ToolKit): open-source software for the development of complete speech recognition applications based on MMC http://www.htk.eng.cam.ac.uk/

VISPER (Visual speech processing system): free software for visualizing dynamic programming and MMC recognition stages, developed by the Technical University of Liberec, Czech...