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2. Optical detection of mechanical displacements
The aim of this section is to describe optical devices for measuring mechanical displacements of a surface. These devices are less sensitive than piezoelectric detectors, but they offer the advantage of local, non-contact examination with a very wide bandwidth.
The interaction of a light beam, diameter d, with an acoustic wave, wavelength λ, modifies :
its direction if d < λ: the light beam is deflected by the corrugation of the surface ;
its intensity if
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