Français
3. Noise in linear circuits
3.1 Noise representations
3.1.1 Conductance / equivalent noise resistance
Thermal noise (§ 2.1) is ubiquitous white noise. It is the minimum component noise, and therefore naturally serves as a reference. It can be reduced by cooling the equipment, as is done in scientific experiments approaching absolute zero.
To describe a noise source in the Norton representation (figure
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
This article is included in
Electronics
This offer includes:
Knowledge Base
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
Services
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
Practical Path
Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills
Doc & Quiz
Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading
Noise in linear circuits
Noise in non-linear circuits
Bibliography
Standards and norms
ITU-R SM 329.7
defines "out-of-band" emissions, i.e. outside the band used, but within the total band allocated.
CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 "spurious emissions
defines – 30 dBm per 1 GHz band
EN 301 390
specifies point-multipoint equipment, etc.
Directory
ITU (International Telrmmunications Union)
ETSI (European Telecommunication Standardization Organization)
FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
Software tools
Microwave circuits
AppCAD : http://www.hp.woodshot.com/
Friis formula
http://www.emtalk.com/tools/noise-figure-calculator.php
Non-linear simulation
...
Websites
Microwaves and hyperfrequencies website : http://www.hyper-rf.com/
Events
Annual Microwave and RF Show : http://www.microwave-rf.com/
European Microwave Week: http://www.eumweek.com/
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
