Article | REF: E1110 V2

High critical temperature superconductors - Physics and applications

Author: Jérôme LESUEUR

Publication date: August 10, 2021, Review date: September 10, 2021

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4. High-temperature superconductor applications

4.1 Cryogenics and energy

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4.1.1 Cryogenic systems and performance

The critical temperature of all known superconductors operating at ambient pressure is below room temperature. Cryogenic systems are therefore used to cool them, either liquefied gases (essentially liquid helium at T = 4.2 K and liquefied nitrogen at T = 77 K), or refrigerated thermal machines. The latter are based on various thermodynamic cycles, either "recuperative", such as Joule-Thomson or Brayton systems (the fluid always circulates in the...

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High-temperature superconductor applications
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