9. Hydraulic uplift of surface foundations

In some cases, surface foundations may be subject to hydraulic ground failure.

The most common failure modes due to hydraulic phenomena are :
- Global hydraulic uplift due to Archimedes' thrust: this phenomenon occurs when the water pressure under a structure or a layer of low-permeability soil exceeds the average vertical stress;
- hydraulic uplift due to cancellation of effective vertical stresses: this phenomenon occurs when upwardly directed flow forces oppose the weight of the soil, reducing the effective vertical stress to zero. The particles are then carried upwards, and failure occurs by bubbling;
- internal erosion, when water drags soil particles within a layer or at the interface with the structure. This erosion can develop...

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Hydraulic uplift of surface foundations

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Site conditions and construction provisions

Bibliography

(1) - CEREMA - Guide méthodologique Eurocode 7 – Application aux fondations superficielles (NF P 94-261). - Collection référence Cerema (2015).
(2) - Comité Français des Barrages et Réservoirs (CFBR) - . – Recommandations pour la justification de la...

Standards and norms

AFNOR Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 1: General rules. - NF EN 1997-1 - juin 2005
AFNOR Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 2: Site reconnaissance and testing. - NF EN 1997-2 - septembre 2007
AFNOR Justification of geotechnical works – Eurocode 7 national application standard – Surface foundations. - NF P 94-261 - juin 2013
AFNOR Justification of geotechnical works – Eurocode 7 national...

Regulations

Décret n° 2010-1254 du 22 octobre 2010 relatif à la prévention du risque sismique NOR : DEVP0910497D.

Décret n° 2010-1255 du 22 octobre 2010 portant délimitation des zones de sismicité du territoire français NOR : DEVP0823374D.

Arrêté du 22 octobre 2010 relatif à la classification et aux règles de construction parasismique applicables aux bâtiments de la classe dite " à risque...