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2. First principle
Historically, the first principle of thermodynamics was called the equivalence principle, because it stipulated the equivalence of two forms of energy: mechanical and thermal. More generally, this principle is still that of energy conservation. In rational mechanics, for example, this principle is used in a particular form. Thus, if a moving body is subject only to a force field derived from a potential, the sum of its potential energy and kinetic energy is constant. Overall energy is conserved.
2.1 Equivalence principle
Statement of the equivalence principle: if, during a cyclic transformation, any system can only exchange work and heat with the external environment, the sum of work and heat received by the system is zero....
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First principle
Study of closed systems
