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2. Synthesis of nanomaterials
Two approaches to nanomaterial synthesis can be identified. The first consists in building nanomaterials from elementary building blocks, atoms or molecules, the bottom-up approach. The second involves breaking down a micrometric edifice into smaller nanometric units, the top-down approach (figure
1
) (see Nanomaterials. Synthesis and elaboration
2.1 Nanoparticles, nanopowders and nanotubes
One of the classic processes for obtaining...
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Synthesis of nanomaterials
Identification of potential exposure stages and personnel involved
Economic data
The market is booming (figure 1 ). Among the nanomaterials currently in industrial production are titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, carbon black and carbon nanotubes.... The tonnage of...
Bibliography
References
Standardization
- Gants de protection contre les produits chimiques et les microorganismes. Partie 2 : détermination de la résistance à la pénétration - NF EN 374-2 - 04-04
- Atmosphère des lieux de travail. Définition des fractions de taille pour le mesurage des particules en suspension dans l'air - NF EN 481 - 11-93
- Sorbonnes. Partie 1 : vocabulaire - NF EN 14175-1 - 10-03
- Sorbonnes. Partie 2 : exigences de sécurité...
Regulations
Council Directive 67/548/EEC of June 27, 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances, OJ 196 of August 16, 1967.
Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93 of March 23, 1993 on the evaluation and control of the risks of existing substances, OJ L 84 of April 5, 1993.
Council...
Organizations
French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/developpement-durable/
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/
French National...
Research programs
EXPAU (Occupational exposure to ultrafine aerosols), INRS http://www.inrs.fr/htm/projet_exposition_professionnelle_aerosols.html
NanoDerm http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~nanoderm/
...
Databases
(non-exhaustive list)
Nanowerk http://www.nanowerk.com/
Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies http://www.nanotechproject.org/
Manufacturers, users
(non-exhaustive list)
Degussa http://www.degussa.com/
NanoGram http://www.nanogram.com/
Inco http://www.inco.com/
...
Resellers of nanometrology equipment
(non-exhaustive list)
TSI Inc. http://www.tsi.com/
Grimm Aerosol Technik http://www.grimm-aerosol.com/
Dekati Ltd. http://dekati.com/cms/
...
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