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7. Conclusion
The liquefaction of a soil layer expresses a loss of rigidity and resistance, accompanied by significant, even catastrophic, permanent deformations, endangering the site and structures concerned.
For the most part, these ruptures are caused by earthquakes in regions of medium to high seismicity. The most vulnerable soils are sandy, loose and saturated. Basic notions of soil mechanics help explain this behavior, which results from the accumulation of pore pressures in the soil layer over the course of cycles, with the consequent reduction in effective stresses.
Conventional monotonic or cyclic undrained laboratory tests point to the particular situation of loose, saturated sands, which are unstable and have low residual strength. This does not exempt moderately dense to dense sands, in which deformations accumulate over the course of cycles....
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Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Websites
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AFPS – French association for earthquake engineering
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GEER – Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance
Standards and norms
- Règles de construction parasismique. Règles PS applicables aux bâtiments, dites règles PS 92 - NF P 06-013 - 1995
- Calcul des structures pour leur résistance aux séismes. Partie 5 : Fondations, ouvrages de soutènement et aspects géotechniques - NF EN 1998-5 - 2005
- Geotechnical Aspects on Site Evaluation and Foundations for Nuclear Power Plants - IAEA Safety Standards, Safety guide No. NS-G-3.6 - 2004 ...
Regulations
Environment Code
Official Journal of the French Republic
Texts on seismic zoning :
Decree no. 2010-1254 of October 22, 2010 on seismic risk prevention.
Decree no. 2010-1255 of October 22, 2010 delimiting seismicity zones in France.
Decree no. 2015-5 of January 6, 2015 amending article D. 563-8-1 of the Environment Code....
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