2. Easily biodegradable polymers

Easily biodegradable polymers are an indisputable response to current environmental concerns. Some of these polymers are naturally present in the environment as part of the growth cycle of all organisms, and for these there are numerous micro-organisms and enzymes capable of degrading them, also present in the environment. Other polymers, on the other hand, have been artificially synthesized by chemical synthesis from fossil resources, although the current industrial trend is to synthesize basic monomers from renewable resources, so as to gradually replace the fossil carbon in these polymers with so-called "bio-sourced" carbon. Whatever the nature of the carbon, enzymes capable of hydrolyzing it and micro-organisms capable of bio-assimilating it also exist in nature. As far as processing is concerned, biodegradable materials are generally transformed on the same equipment as those used...

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Easily biodegradable polymers

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Biodegradable polymer applications

Bibliography

(1) - LONG (Y.) - Biodegradable Polymer Blends and Composites from Renewable Resources. - Wiley (2009).
(2) - HANS (J.), ENDRES, ANDREA (S.-R) - Engineering Biopolymers – Markets, manufacturing, properties and applications – Siebert-Raths....

Websites

http://www.european-bioplastics.org

http://www.bioplasticsmagazine.com

http://www.plasticseurope.fr

http://averousl.free.fr

...

Standards and norms

Standard test method for determining anaerobic biodegradation of plastic material under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions. - ASTM D 5511-94 - 1994
Standard Specification for Labelling of Plastics Designed to be Aerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial Facilities. Norme américaine très proche de la NF EN-13432 ne différant de cette dernière que par quelques spécifications mineures. - ASTM D 6400-12...