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2. Stabilizer families
The notion of polymer stabilization can only be understood by understanding the details of their degradation mechanisms. To simplify the diagram, we will first consider two types of macromolecular modification:
chemical modification of the macromolecular chain, which can lead to the formation of chromophore species, generally oxidized, which absorb in the visible range and impart varying degrees of coloration. This mainly affects the aesthetic appearance of the final product, either after processing or during the material's service life;
cutting of the main macromolecular chain: often radical or ionic phenomena which generate either a decrease in molecular weight, or an increase by recombination of macroradicals. This chain-cutting and cross-linking mechanism, which can occur in the presence or absence of...
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Stabilizer families
Specific polymer degradation and stabilization
Bibliography
Websites
REACH info :
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_intro. htm
http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/portail/enjeux/reach/reglement_europeen_reach. html
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Standards and norms
ASTM D 1238-01 (DIN ISO 1133 : 1997) Plastics. Determination of melt flow index of plastics.
ASTM D 2115-92 (ISO 305 : 1990) Thermal degradation test in an oven. Color change method
ASTM D 1925-70 (DIN 6167) Color measurement test (yellow index)
ASTM D 2538-02 Study of rheology and degradation in a plastograph
ISO 175...
Directory
Main stabilizer suppliers
Arkema http://www.arkema.com
BASF AG. http://www.basf.com
Brueggemann http://www.brueggemann.com
Clariant...
Statistical and economic data
It is particularly difficult to get a clear picture of the market for stabilizers used in plastics, as the notion of stabilization can take on multiple definitions, and the market often considers additives (modifiers) as a whole, not just stabilizers. Of all polymers, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), which is not discussed here, is the one with the highest stabilizer volume [
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