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3. 4D printing of composite materials
3.1 Principle and materials for 4D printing
Recently, multifunctional materials have gained in industrial interest, not least because of their ability to generate structures capable of changing shape during use. In this context, research has been carried out into the development of so-called 4D printing technology.
4D printing combines 3D printing technology and the use of intelligent materials with properties that evolve over time and are activated by the application of an external stimulus (temperature, humidity, light, pH, mechanical action, etc.).
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4D printing of composite materials
Conclusion
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Biomimetics – Terminology, concepts and methodology. - ISO 18458 - 2015
- Biomimicry – Biomimetic materials, structures and components. - ISO 18457 - 2016
- Additive manufacturing – General principles – Terminology. - ISO/ASTM 52900 - 2015
- Additive manufacturing – General principles – Requirements for purchased AM parts. - ISO/ASTM 52901 - 2017
- Additive manufacturing – Material extrusion-based...
Patents
ANDRÉ (J.-C.), LE MÉHAUTÉ (A.), DE WITTE (O.). – "French patent no. 84 11 241, July 16, 1984 (1984).
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