2. Online monitoring methods

2.1 Classification

In industry, the first monitoring methods were based on the redundancy of equipment deemed critical to system operation. This approach is simple and easy to implement, but entails high instrumentation costs and is limited to monitoring sensor faults only: physical faults cannot be detected.

Advances in the field of computers have made it possible to implement modern automatic and artificial intelligence methods. These new approaches make it possible to eliminate part, or even all, of the hardware redundancy required for monitoring....