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3. Effects of disorder
3.1 Electronic structure of an impurity
Collision theory is well-suited to the treatment of the electronic structure near an impurity; the latter is an obstacle, a localized potential, over which conduction electrons will diffuse.
A first remark is that, if there are bound states in a local potential, the scattered wave functions, i.e. those with positive energy, must be orthogonal to the functions of the bound states. This means that the radial part
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