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Article | REF: AF6615 V1

Electro-optical components for telecommunications:

Authors: Chi Thanh NGUYEN, Isabelle LEDOUX-RAK

Publication date: July 10, 2012, Review date: March 21, 2016

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2. Lithium niobate modulators

2.1 The material and its production

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2.1.1 Lithium niobate structure

The lithium niobate crystal has two phases, one paraelectric above the Curie temperature (1210°C), the other ferroelectric below this temperature. The paraelectric phase can be represented as layers of oxygen anions O 2– arranged in a hexagonal stack, between which lithium and niobium cations are inserted at mid-distance between two oxygen layers. This equidistance disappears in the ferroelectric phase,...

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Lithium niobate modulators
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